Ingrain carpet fabric.



mi. s4.9,|o7. Patented m 8, I900. T. F. a A. NAYLOB.

INGBAIN CARPET'FABBIG.

(Apphcaton filed Aug 25 1898) (No Model.)

I ZI/ilnessea I WW UNITED STATES PATENT FFICE.

THOMAS FOX NAYLOR AND ARTHUR NAYLOR, OF KIDDERMINSTER, ENGLAND.

INGRAIN CARPET FABRIC.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 649,107, dated May 8,1900.

Application filed August 25, 1898. Serial No. 689,504. (No specimens.)

that class of carpet fabrics known as Kid-' derminster, Scotch, oringrain carpets, the object being toinsert a smaller number of weftsthan is usually employed.

The present invention is an improvemen upon the invention described inthe specification to British Letters Patent No. 11,692 of 1895, havingthe same object in view.

In the further description of this invention reference is made to theaccompanying drawing, which shows a longitudinal section of a four-colorcarpet fabric taken in the direction in which it is woven.

The figure shows a carpet fabric having a black stuffer-warp marked B,and built upon it in the manner fully described hereinafter are top andbottom planes or plies of weft, the shots of which are respectivelyindicated by a, b, and 0, arranged in various positions. The letters Dand E indicate the bindingwarps, which are either stamped for in order Ito be worked by the jacquard or harness, or

they may be operated by two heddles or gears, as their movement is in aregular order, D always lifting twice to E lifting once in thisformation of fabric. The digits 1, 2, 3, and 4, placed at the top of thefigure, each indicate a short length of the fabric to show variouscombinations of wefts on the face, as in 1. The wefts a and c arebrought up side by side on the face or upper surface of the fabric. In 2b and c are broughtup side by side. In 3 the weft a and the uncoveredstufierwarp B show together on the upper surface, while in 4 the weft band the uncovered stuffer-warp B show side by side on the face of thecarpet. This is a simple form of our improved fabric, giving fourcombinations of colors on the face of the carpets with opposite colorson the back, and is therefore a reversible fabric.

The ordinary Kidderminster, Scotch, or ingrain carpet fabric is wovenwith two or more planes or plies of weft-that is to say, it has two ormore webs or layers of material thrown or shot by the shuttlethe saidwebs being bound together by the interweaving both of the warp-threadsand the weft material; but in our improved carpet fabrics, while we alsoemploy two plies of weft material thrown by the shuttle, one web iscomposed of only onehalf'of the number of shots comprised in the otherweb. The finished fabric is therefore hereinafter called a oneand-a-half-ply carpet, like those referred to in the abovenained patent,No. 11,692 of 1895. In the the set of three shots forming our fabric twoshots are placed side by side in forming one Web and one shot in formingthe other web. The one shot can change places with either of the twoshots or with both. We use a stuffer-warp running between the two websof weft, as in carpets described in John Orrs British patent, No. 905 of1855. In this class of carpets the stuffer-warp is used mainly as acontrolling or guiding warp to determine the position of the wefts. Inour invention it may guide two wefts to the top or upper surface of thefabric and one to the bottom surface,or vice versa. If two wefts areguided to the top and one weft guided to the bottom, and supposing thetwo top wefts to occupy the space of two-eighths of an inch, then theone bottom weft will only occupy one-eighth of an inch, while the otherone-eighth not so occupied is formed by the uncovered stufferwarp, or ifthe reverse be woven-that is, if the stuffer-warp guides one weft to thetop and two wefts side by side to the bottom surface-then one-eighth ofan inch of the stufferwarp will remain uncovered and exposed as if onthe top surface of the fabric. Thus by omitting one weft-thread in everyfour of the wefts as formerly used the usual pairing or mating of weftsdoes not occur in our one-and-a-half-ply carpet fabrics. It follows alsothat the color of the exposed stuffer-warp, in combination with any oneof the three wefts used, produces a color effect. Thus if the threeshuttles thrown respectively contain wefts colored olive, scarlet, andcream and the stutter-warp is black then the following combinations ofcolors may be produced: olive and scarlet, olive and black, olive andcream, scarlet and cream, scarlet and black, and cream and black.Consequently any two of the wefts can be brought to the top surface sideby side, while any one of the three wefts can also be brought to thesurface to combine in color efiect with the uncovered blackstufier-warp.

As the staffer-warp plays the most important part in guiding the weftsto their allotted places in the fabric and in itself forms part of thepattern or design, it is necessary to use a jacquard-machine andstamp-cards in the usual way for lifting or lowering the stufierwarpthreads. In a simple class of design the binder-warp threads may beoperated by a pair of gears or heddles, one heddle lifting twice insuccession to admit of two wefts, the

other heddle lifting once to admit of one weft;

but in more elaborate designs, where more,

color efiects are required, it is necessary to use a jacquard-machineand to stamp the cards for lifting the binder-warp threads. For example,if a 1088 needle jacquard be fixed on a loom five hundred and forty-fourneedles may be used for the stuflfer-warp and five hundred andforty-four needles for the binder-warp. It facilitates and simplifiesthe stamping if two cards can be worked on the cylinder, one to controlthe stuifer-warp needles and the other the binder-warp needles, theharness ofthe loom being tied up to suit. The drawing of the slay may besuch as to produce a straight rib, such as described in Orrs Britishpatent, No. 905 of 1855, or to produce a twilled effect, as described inNaylors British patent, No. 14,410 of 1888. the former case two threadsof stufferavarp may be controlled by one needle, as they.

always lift together; but in the latter each thread of stuifer-warp mustbe controlled by a separate needle and eight-by-eight designpaper isused for designs, the usual eightholes-in-a-row machine being used instamping, each punch serving for a single thread law of staffer-warp. Inthe former case, how- 5o ever, four-by-eight design-paper is used. Theeight-holes-in-a-row machine may be also employed, the punches beingused in pairs; but

in case two ends of warp are drawn through first, for example, then allthe scarlet cords,

then all the cream, or any other order indicated in the design, but thewhole of one color before stamping the next color, and so on; but thecolor of the stuiferwarp must not be stamped, as it is producedautomatically in controlling the three wefts, the same principle beingfollowed for stamping for the binder-warps as for the stuifer-warp.

What we claim is- An ingrain carpet fabric of four colors, woven in setsof three weft-threads of diverse colors in two planes of weft materialwith a stuffer-warp B of another color between said planes, the saidstutfer-warp being so worked as to guide from time to time oneweft-thread to the top surface and two weft-threads to the bottom sideby side in each set, or reversely two weft-threads side by side to thetop, and one weft-thread to the bottom in each set, in accordance withthe pattern or design, the said warp B showing its color effect besidethe single weft-thread in the set, substantially as and for the purposeherein described.

In testimony whereof We have signed this specification in the presenceof two subscrib- 'ing witnesses.

THOMAS FOX NAYLOR. ARTHUR NAYLOR.

Vitnesses:

HARRY COATES, CHARLES EDWARD TOLSON.

